Wake-up radio advertisement channel

ABSTRACT

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to wake-up radio (WUR) advertisement channels. A device may include a wake-up receiver (WURx) and a primary connectivity radio. The device may determine a wake-up radio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement. The WUR discovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of a frequency band. The device may generate a WUR discovery frame comprising a WUR advertisement. The device may transmit, by the WURx, the WUR discovery frame to a second device using the WUR discovery subchannel. The device may identify a response from the second device indicating an acknowledgment of the WUR discovery frame.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional applicationSer. No. 16/844,825, filed Apr. 9, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S.Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 16/144,884, filed Sep. 27, 2018,which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/564,848,filed Sep. 28, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein byreference as if set forth in full.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wirelesscommunications and, more particularly, to wake up radio (WUR)advertisement channels.

BACKGROUND

Advances in wireless communications require the use of efficientbatteries to allow users to utilize their devices for longer timesbetween recharges or replacement. The exchange of data in wirelesscommunications consumes power and having repeated recharges orinstallation of dedicated power lines may result in a relativelynegative user experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and notlimitation by the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which likereferences indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a network diagram illustrating an example networkenvironment for a WUR advertisement channel, in accordance with one ormore example embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for transmitting andreceiving WUR advertisements, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for periodic wake-upoperation negotiations, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of a channelization ofthe 5 GHz band, in accordance with one or more example embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of a channelization ofthe 5.9 GHz band, in accordance with one or more example embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process fortransmitting a WUR advertisement over a WUR discovery subchannel, inaccordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process forreceiving a WUR advertisement over a WUR discovery subchannel, inaccordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communicationstation that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordancewith one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which anyof one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, inaccordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustratespecific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practicethem. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical,process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodimentsmay be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments.Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalentsof those claims.

Low Power Wake Up Receiver (LP-WURx) is a technique to enable ultra-lowpower operation for Wi-Fi devices. The idea is for a device to have aminimum radio configuration that can receive a wake-up packet from itspeer. The LP-WURx includes a low-power wake-up radio (a LP-WUR, alsoreferred to as a WUR) that will wake up the primary radio or processor(sometimes referred to as a primary connectivity radio) in response toreceiving the wakeup packet. The LP-WUR may have a lower powerrequirement than the primary radio or processor. Hence, the device canstay in low power mode until receiving the wake-up packet from WURtransmitter. During this low power mode, the LP-WUR will be ON while theprimary radio or processor will be OFF or in a low power state. In thismanner, power may be conserved on the device. Generally, the transmitterwill have a wake-up radio with both transmitting and receivingoperation. At the receiver side, only the receiving operation will beimplemented, and due to this reason, it is called a wake-up receiver(WURx) at the receiver side.

Without a LP-WUR, devices face a difficult tradeoff between saving powerand providing data accessibility (sometimes referred to as latency ordata delay). Specifically, a conventional device without a LP-WUR willsave power by turning off the primary radio or by placing the primaryradio in a limited functionality low power state. The amount of powersaved is proportional to the amount of time the primary radio remainsoff or in a low power state. The tradeoff, however, is that any datapackets destined for the device are delayed until the primary radio isswitched back to a full power state. The introduction of a LP-WURdirectly addresses this issue by allowing a device to power down theprimary connectivity radio without causing a reduction in latency. TheLP-WUR receives any data packets destined for the primary connectivityradio, and in response, can wake up the primary connectivity radio.

Traditionally, background scanning, whereby a device collects usefulinformation to facilitate location mapping and roaming, is achieved bythe primary connectivity radio of the device. The scanning operationusually consumes a lot of time and power and conflicts with the regularduties of the primary connectivity radio.

Due to the need for background scanning, an AP may transmit a WUR signalthat is not a wake-up frame (e.g., a WUR advertisement) to facilitatethe background scanning of any unassociated STAs.

There are 14, 20 MHz channels in 2.4 GHz band and 24, 20 MHz channels in5 GHz band. Hence, there is a total of 38, 20 MHz channels that may beused by an AP to transmit WUR signals to enable background scanningoperation. Further, since the bandwidth of a WUR signal may be less than20 MHz (e.g., 4 MHz), it is possible for an AP to choose any 4 MHzbandwidth in the 20 MHz channel to transmit the WUR signal. Withoutknowing in advance what an AP may do, a STA may then need to scan38*5=190, 4 MHz subchannels to collect background information. The exactnumber may be more depending on the method of inserting WUR signal inthe tone plan of 20 MHz band. This certainly defeats the benefits ofusing a WURx for background scanning.

WUR transmissions are not 20 MHz, hence, further requirement is neededto reduce the number of 4 MHz subchannels that a STA needs to scan.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems,methods, and devices for a WUR advertisement channel. The followingdescription and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specificembodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Otherembodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process,and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may beincluded in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodimentsset forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of thoseclaims.

In one embodiment, a device may use a WURx for background scanning torelieve the burden on the more power hungry primary connectivity radioof the device. In some embodiments, a STA may use the WURx forbackground scanning when the STA has not associated with any APs toenable wake-up operation.

In some embodiments, a STA associated with an AP to enable wake-upoperation may negotiate with the AP for a predefined or specific “ontime” for the WURx. In some embodiments, the STA may use the WURx duringthe time not agreed upon for wake-up operation (e.g., the “off time”) todo background scanning. In this manner, the STA can advantageously shiftbackground scanning from the primary connectivity radio to the WURxduring periods of time where the WURx would otherwise be idle.

As discussed previously herein, there are a large number of potentialsubchannels that the WURx may need to check during background scanning.For example, the 5 MHz band includes 24 20-MHz channels and 120 4-MHzsubchannels.

In one embodiment, to reduce the number of 4 MHz subchannels that a WURxneeds to scan, a WUR advertisement channel system may define specificsubchannels less than 20 MHz for an AP to transmit WUR advertisementinformation. A WUR advertisement channel system may have specificsubchannels in different bands to facilitate discovery in differentbands. In other words, specific subchannels for each band may be definedfor transmitting WUR discovery frames that include WUR advertisementinformation.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisementsincludes the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, the 5.9 GHz band, the 6 GHzband, the 60 GHz band, and the sub 1 GHz band. In some embodiments, thesubchannel within each band for transmitting WUR advertisements includes13 subcarriers and a 312.5 kHz subcarrier spacing.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the2.4 GHz band. In some embodiments, the subchannel within the 2.4 GHzband for transmitting WUR advertisements is in channel 6, although otherchannel designations for locating the subchannel are within thecontemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the5 GHz band. In some embodiments, the channel within the 5 GHz band whichincludes the subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements is channel44 or channel 149.

In some embodiments, the channel within the 5 GHz band which includesthe subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements depends upon whichportions of the 5 GHz band local regulations allow STAs to operate in.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation only in thelower band (e.g., 5.150-5.250 GHz, referred to as UNII-1 by the FCC). Inthis scenario, the subchannel may be in channel 44 (e.g., 5.220 GHz),although other channel designations for locating the subchannel arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation only in theupper band (e.g., 5.725-5.825 GHz, referred to as UNII-3 by the FCC). Inthis scenario, the subchannel may be in channel 149 (e.g., 5.745 GHz),although other channel designations for locating the subchannel arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation in both theupper and lower portions of the 5 GHz band. In this scenario, thesubchannel may be in channel 149 (e.g., 5.745 GHz), although otherchannel designations for locating the subchannel are within thecontemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the5.9 GHz band. In some embodiments, the subchannel within the 5.9 GHzband for transmitting WUR advertisements is in channel 172, channel 178,or channel, 184, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, to prevent or otherwise mitigate adjacent channelinterference, the subchannel for WUR advertisements is defined as thecentermost or central subchannel location within the respective channel.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 20 MHz tone plan of802.11ax and is in the central location of a 20 MHz channel in the 2.4GHz or 5 GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes 4*x, where x ranges from −6to 6). In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11aximplementations is 78.125 kHz.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 20 MHz tone plan of802.11a/n/ac and is in the central location of a 20 MHz channel in the2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes from −6 to 6). In someembodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11a/n/ac implementations is312.5 kHz.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 10 MHz tone plan of OFDMor 802.11p and is in the central location of a 10 MHz channel in the 5.9GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes 2*x, where x ranges from −6 to 6). Insome embodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11p implementations is156.25 kHz.

Compared with the existing solution, the WUR advertisement channelsystem may reduce the amount of subchannels that a STA needs to scan forcollecting background information. The benefits include faster roamingbased on the scanning results and less power consumption for backgroundscanning.

The above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are notmeant to be limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations,processes, etc., may exist, some of which are described in greaterdetail below. Example embodiments will now be described with referenceto the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environmentfor a WUR advertisement channel, according to some example embodimentsof the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or moreuser devices 120 and one or more access points(s) (AP) 102, which maycommunicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards. Theuser device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g.,not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.

In some embodiments, the user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include oneor more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram ofFIG. 8 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 9.

One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may beoperable by one or more user(s) 110. It should be noted that anyaddressable unit may be a station (STA). A STA may take on multipledistinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example,a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, aquality-of-service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA. The oneor more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be STAs.The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 mayoperate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/accesspoint (PCP/AP). The user device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/orAP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including,but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static,device. For example, user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include, auser equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a softwareenabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wirelessdevice (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer,a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebookcomputer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, ahandheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, aPDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-boarddevice, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalitieswith PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device,a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile ornon-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device,a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, amobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively smallcomputing device, a non-desktop computer, a “carry small live large”(CSLL) device, an ultra-mobile device (UMD), an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC),a mobile internet device (MID), an “origami” device or computing device,a device that supports dynamically composable computing (DCC), acontext-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, aset-top-box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digitalvideo disc (DVD) player, a high definition (HD) DVD player, a DVDrecorder, a HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), abroadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, anaudio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat paneldisplay, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), adigital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier,a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a digital still camera(DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player, orthe like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lamps, climatecontrol, car components, household components, appliances, etc. may alsobe included in this list.

As used herein, the term “Internet of Things (IoT) device” is used torefer to any object (e.g., an appliance, a sensor, etc.) that has anaddressable interface (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address, aBluetooth identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.)and can transmit information to one or more other devices over a wiredor wireless connection. An IoT device may have a passive communicationinterface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequencyidentification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an activecommunication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, atransmitter-receiver, or the like. An IoT device can have a particularset of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether theIoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available fortask execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, anenvironmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emittingfunction, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded inand/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU),microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to anIoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet. For example,IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators,toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools,clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners,thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers,electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices areequipped with an addressable communications interface for communicatingwith the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktopcomputers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digitalassistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network may be comprised ofa combination of “legacy” Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop ordesktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do nottypically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

The user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include mesh stationsin, for example, a mesh network, in accordance with one or more IEEE802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), andAP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with each other via one ormore communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired. Theuser device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly witheach other with or without the AP(s) 102. Any of the communicationsnetworks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of acombination of different types of suitable communications networks suchas, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks(e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellularnetworks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks. Further,any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitablecommunication range associated therewith and may include, for example,global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs),wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal areanetworks (PANs). In addition, any of the communications networks 130and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic maybe carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pairwire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwaveterrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, whitespace communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums,satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.

Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) andAP(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas. The one ormore communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennascorresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s)120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP(s) 102. Somenon-limiting examples of suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fiantennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas,non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patchantennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas,omnidirectional antennas, quasi-omnidirectional antennas, or the like.The one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupledto a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such ascommunications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP(s)102.

Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), andAP(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/ordirectional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in awireless network. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124,126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directionaltransmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays(e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antennaarrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particularrespective direction or range of directions. Any of the user device(s)120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configuredto perform any given directional transmission towards one or moredefined transmit sectors. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., userdevices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform anygiven directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.

MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RFbeamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, inperforming a given MIMO transmission, user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or morecommunications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

Any of the user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), andAP(s) 102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver fortransmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in thebandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocolsutilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicatewith each other. The radio components may include hardware and/orsoftware to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals accordingto pre-established transmission protocols. The radio components mayfurther have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate viaone or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11standards. In certain example embodiments, the radio component, incooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured tocommunicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n,802.11ax), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax), or 60 GHZchannels (e.g., 802.11ad). In some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols maybe used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicatedshort-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), orother packetized radio communications. The radio component may includeany known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via thecommunications protocols. The radio component may further include a lownoise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, ananalog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digitalbaseband.

When one or more AP (e.g., AP(s) 102) establish communication 140 withone or more user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, and/or 128),the AP(s) 102 may communicate in a downlink direction and the userdevices 120 may communicate with one or more AP(s) 102 in an uplinkdirection by sending data frames in either direction. The user devices120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other withor without the AP 102. The communication 140 may be multiusercommunication between an AP and one or more user devices. The one ormore user devices may belong to the same or different BSS.

The one or more user devices 120 may operate in a low power mode (e.g.,a LP-WUR mode) to conserve power. During this time, the LP-WUR of a userdevice 120 may be active while an 802.11 transceiver may be inactive.Because the LP-WUR may operate in a lower power state than the 802.11transceiver, power may be conserved on the user device 120.

In one embodiment, an AP 102 may send a wake-up radio (WUR)advertisement 142 to one or more user device(s) 120. The WURadvertisement 142 may signal to a user device 120 (e.g., a STA) varioususeful information, such as data to facilitate location mapping androaming, according to one or more embodiments.

In one embodiment, the user device 120 may use a WURx for backgroundscanning. In some embodiments, the user device 120 negotiates with theAP 102 during association for a predefined or specific “on time” for theWURx.

In some embodiments, the user device 120 may use the WURx during thetime not agreed upon for wake-up operation (e.g., the “off time”) toscan the communication 140 for WUR advertisements. In this manner, theuser device 120 can advantageously shift background scanning from itsprimary connectivity radio to its WURx during periods of time where theWURx would otherwise be idle.

In some embodiments, the communication 140 includes a wake-up radio(WUR) discovery subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements (e.g.,the WUR advertisement 142) according to one or more embodiments. In someembodiments, the user device 120 may use the WURx during the “off time”to scan the WUR discovery subchannel within the communication 140 forWUR advertisements.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisementsincludes the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, the 5.9 GHz band, the 6 GHzband, the 60 GHz band, and the sub 1 GHz band. In some embodiments, thesubchannel within each band for transmitting WUR advertisements includes13 subcarriers and a 312.5 kHz subcarrier spacing.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the2.4 GHz band. In some embodiments, the subchannel within the 2.4 GHzband for transmitting WUR advertisements is in channel 6, although otherchannel designations for locating the subchannel are within thecontemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the5 GHz band. In some embodiments, the channel within the 5 GHz band whichincludes the subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements is channel44 or channel 149.

In some embodiments, the channel within the 5 GHz band which includesthe subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements depends upon whichportions of the 5 GHz band local regulations allow STAs to operate in.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation only in thelower band (e.g., 5.150-5.250 GHz, referred to as UNII-1 by the FCC). Inthis scenario, the subchannel may be in channel 44 (e.g., 5.220 GHz),although other channel designations for locating the subchannel arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation only in theupper band (e.g., 5.725-5.825 GHz, referred to as UNII-3 by the FCC). Inthis scenario, the subchannel may be in channel 149 (e.g., 5.745 GHz),although other channel designations for locating the subchannel arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation in both theupper and lower portions of the 5 GHz band. In this scenario, thesubchannel may be in channel 149 (e.g., 5.745 GHz), although otherchannel designations for locating the subchannel are within thecontemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the5.9 GHz band. In some embodiments, the subchannel within the 5.9 GHzband for transmitting WUR advertisements is in channel 172, channel 178,or channel, 184, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 200 for transmittingand receiving WUR advertisements, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a transmitting device (e.g., AP 202)and a receiving device (e.g., user device 220) involved in atransmission session utilizing low power wake-up signaling. The AP 202may utilize a low power wake-up transmitter 230 to send a frame 244(e.g., a wake-up frame) or a WUR advertisement 232 to the low powerwake-up receiver (LP-WUR) 234 included in the user device 220. In someembodiments, the AP 202 does not include a low power wake-up transmitter230, and the frame 244 or WUR advertisement 232 is instead sent by the802.11 transceiver 238. As discussed previously herein, a LP-WUR enablesultra-low power operation for Wi-Fi devices. The idea is for a device(e.g., the user device 220) to have a minimum power radio configurationthat can receive a wake-up frame from a peer. Hence, the device can stayin low power mode (i.e., 802.11 transceiver 236 can remain in a lowpower state) until receiving the frame 244. Moreover, during this lowpower mode, the LP-WUR 234 may be used for background scanning,according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 2 shows an example of aunicast wake-up frame. It is also possible that a transmitter (e.g., anAP) may send a multicast wake-up frame to wake up more than one STA.

The LP-WUR 234 may use simple modulation schemes such as on-off keying(OOK), amplitude shift keying (ASK), or frequency shift keying (FSK) forsignaling. The LP-WUR 234 may use hardware and/or software componentsthat may allow it to operate at a lower power consumption mode than atypical radio component (e.g., 802.11 transceivers 236 and 238).

The LP-WUR 234 may be constantly active (e.g., ON state 240) on the userdevice 220 in order to receive a wake-up communication (e.g., the frame244) or scan for the WUR advertisement 232. The AP 202 may begintransmitting the frame 244 or the WUR advertisement 232 using a lowpower communication method. The LP-WUR 234 may detect and/or decode theframe 244 or the WUR advertisement 232. In some embodiments, the LP-WUR234 may determine whether the frame 244 is destined for the user device220. For example, if the LP-WUR 234 (or other portions of the userdevice 220) determines that the receiver address (RA) field of the MACheader from the frame 244 matches the address of the user device 220,the LP-WUR 234 may then send a wake-up signal 246 to the 802.11transceiver 236 to power on (e.g., ON/OFF state 242) its circuitry. Oncethe 802.11 transceiver 236 is powered on, the AP 202 and the user device220 can exchange one or more data frames, such as, for example, beaconframe(s) 244.

The WUR advertisement 232 may include WUR information such as a wake-upperiod. The wake-up period may be a period of time during which the userdevice 220 may need to have the 802.11 transceiver 236 powered onbecause devices, such as the AP 202, may be sending data to the userdevice 220. Following the wake-up period, the user device 220 may poweroff some or all of its circuitry (e.g., the 802.11 transceiver 236) toreduce power consumption and preserve the life of its battery. The WURadvertisement 232 may include a WUR signal that is not a wake-up frameto facilitate the background scanning of the user device 220 and/or oneor more unassociated STAs.

The low power wake-up transmitter 230 may be a device on the AP 202 thattransmits a wake-up frame to other devices (e.g., the user device 220).The low power wake-up transmitter 230 may transmit at the same simplemodulation schemes of the user device 220 (e.g., OOK, ASK, FSK, etc.).The low power wake-up transmitter 230 may utilize signaling in order togenerate and transmit the frame 244.

It should be noted that a wake-up packet is the same as a wake-up frame.Both terms are understood to be interchangeable. Also note that the termprimary connectivity radio (PCR) is used to refer to the 802.11 radiothat is woken up by the WURx but this is not limited to just Wi-Fi radioas the PCR. Note that WUR transmitter is generally the AP, and WURreceiver is typically on the STA side, although other configurations arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 300 for periodicwake-up operation negotiations, in accordance with one or more exampleembodiments of the present disclosure.

As described previously herein, a WURx is fundamentally a low powerreceiver, and except during wake-up operation, the WURx can be used todo background scanning to collect useful information to facilitatelocation mapping and roaming. It is also possible that the WUR wouldhave other uses as a very low power receive only device.

It should be noted that traditionally, background scanning is achievedby a PCR, and the scanning operation usually consumes a lot of time andpower and conflicts with the regular PCR operation. Hence, using a WURxfor background scanning can relieve the burden on PCR scheduling andconsume less power.

Also, it should be noted that a STA may use a WURx for backgroundscanning when the STA has not associated with any AP's to enable wake-upoperation. Moreover, even if the STA has associated with an AP to enablewake-up operation, the STA can also negotiate with the AP for a specific“on time” of the WURx and may use the time not agreed with the AP forwake-up operation (e.g., the “off time”) to do background scanning.

Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown an AP-STA Negotiated WURx Schedule300. The AP-STA Negotiated WURx Schedule 300 defines alternating periodsof time during which the WURx of the STA will be “ON” or “OFF” from theperspective of the AP. In other words, the AP-STA Negotiated WURxSchedule 300 may define a period 302 during which the WURx is availablefor wake-up operations (e.g., receiving wake-up frames) and a period 304during which the WURx is not available for wake-up operations.

In some embodiments, the STA initiates background scanning during theperiod 304. In this manner, the STA can advantageously shift backgroundscanning from the primary connectivity radio to the WURx during periodsof time where the WURx would otherwise be idle.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 400 of a channelizationof the 5 GHz band, in accordance with one or more example embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

IEEE 802.11ba has agreed to use multi-carrier for the transmission ofwake-up frames. Due to the need of background scanning, the AP maytransmit a WUR signal that is not a wake-up frame (e.g., the WURadvertisement 142 depicted in FIG. 1) to facilitate the backgroundscanning of the unassociated STAs. In some embodiments, these WURsignals will follow the wave form of wake-up packets and will begenerated by 13 subcarriers with subcarrier spacing of 312.5 kHz, i.e.,around 4 MHz bandwidth.

In some embodiments, when a single band is used for transmission of awake-up packet or a WUR advertisement, the OOK waveform of the packet oradvertisement is generated by using contiguous 13 subcarriers with asubcarrier spacing of 312.5 kHz. In some embodiments, the centersubcarrier is allocated or used for the WUR advertisement transmission.

Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown the channelization of 802.11 ac,i.e., operation in the 5 GHz band. As depicted in FIG. 4, the 5 GHz bandincludes 24 20-MHz channels 402. These 20 MHz channels can be combinedto provide 11 40-MHz channels 404, 5 80-MHz channels 406, and 2 160-MHzchannels 408. The channelization may also include one or morenon-contiguous channels 410 (e.g., VHT80+80 MHz setups). As furtherdepicted in FIG. 4, the channelization may also include a weather radar412 reservation region.

As discussed previously herein, there are 24 20-MHz channels in the 5GHz band in addition to 14 20-MHz channels in the 2.4 GHz band. Hence,there is a total of 38, 20 MHz channels that may be used by an AP totransmit WUR signals to enable background scanning operation. Further,since the bandwidth of WUR signal is 4 MHz, it is possible for an AP tochoose any 4 MHz bandwidth in the 20 MHz channel to transmit the WURsignal. Without knowing in advance what an AP may do, a STA may thenneed to scan 38*5=190, 4 MHz subchannels to collect backgroundinformation. The exact number may be more depending on the method ofinserting WUR signal in the tone plan of 20 MHz band. This certainlydefeats the benefits of using WURx for background scanning.

In one embodiment, discovery protocols like neighbor awarenessnetworking (NAN) may define a common social channel for WUR discovery.

In some embodiments, NAN Discovery may operate only in channel 6 (2.437GHz) in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and, may optionally operate in onechannel in the 5 GHz frequency band. Other NAN operations may beperformed in any channel.

If a NAN Device supports NAN Discovery operations in the 5 GHz frequencyband, it may support a NAN Discovery Channel in the 5 GHz frequencyband. The specific NAN Discovery Channel in the 5 GHz frequency band isdependent on knowing the geographical location of the device and theapplicable regulatory domain rules.

If NAN Devices are permitted by local regulations to operate only in the5.150-5.250 GHz band (called UNII-1 by FCC, other names in otherjurisdictions), the 5 GHz NAN Discovery Channel may be channel 44 (5.220GHz).

If NAN Devices are permitted by local regulations to operate only in the5.725-5.825 GHz band (called UNII-3 by FCC, other names otherjurisdictions), the 5 GHz NAN Discovery Channel may be channel 149(5.745 GHz).

If NAN Devices are permitted by local regulations to operate in both the5 GHz Lower and Upper bands, the 5 GHz NAN Discovery Channel may bechannel 149 (5.745 GHz).

FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 500 of a channelizationof the 5.9 GHz band, in accordance with one or more example embodimentsof the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a dedicated short-rangecommunication (DSRC) band channelization plan for 802.11p. Thechannelization plan includes a guard portion 502, a V2V Safety portion502 (channel 172), service portions 506, 508, 512, and 514 (channels174, 176, 180, and 182 respectively), a control portion 510 (channel178), and a public safety portion 516 (channel 184). In someembodiments, a 10 MHz channel is allotted to each of the guard portion502, the V2V Safety portion 504, the service portions 506, 508, 512, and514, the control portion 510, and the public safety portion 516.

In one embodiment, one or more subchannels may be defined in one or morebands for WUR advertisement through wake-up radio. In the 5.9 GHz bandfor DSRC (802.11p) operation, the subchannel may be in channel 172, 178,or 184.

The DSRC band channelization plan is shown in FIG. 5. It should be notedthat channel 178 is the control channel, and channels 172 and 184 areused for V2V and public safety, which may be useful for the safety alertadvertisement through WUR.

As described previously herein, APs may transmit WUR advertisementinformation through WUR radio in one or more defined subchannels in eachband according to one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, STAs usetheir respective WURx to scan for WUR advertisement information in theone or more defined subchannels in each band.

In the 5.9 GHz band, the subchannel follows the 10 MHz tone plan of OFDMand is in the central location of the 10 MHz band, i.e., subcarrierindexes from 2*x, where x is from −6 to 6. It should be noted that for802.11p with 10 MHz operation in 5.9 GHz, the subcarrier spacing is156.25 kHz. Defining the social channel (e.g., the WUR discoverysubchannel) as the central location within the channel will providebetter immunity from adjacent channel interference.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 600 fortransmitting a WUR advertisement over a WUR discovery subchannel, inaccordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

At block 602, a device (e.g., the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102of FIG. 1) may determine a WUR discovery subchannel for WURadvertisement according to one or more embodiments. The device mayinclude a WURx, a primary connectivity radio, and storage and processingcircuitry as discussed previously herein. The WUR discovery subchannelmay be associated with one or more channels of a frequency band.

In some embodiments, the frequency band for transmitting WURadvertisements includes the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, the 5.9 GHzband, the 6 GHz band, the 60 GHz band, and the sub 1 GHz band. In someembodiments, the subchannel within each band for transmitting WURadvertisements includes 13 subcarriers and a 312.5 kHz subcarrierspacing.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the2.4 GHz band. In some embodiments, the subchannel within the 2.4 GHzband for transmitting WUR advertisements is in channel 6, although otherchannel designations for locating the subchannel are within thecontemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the5 GHz band. In some embodiments, the channel within the 5 GHz band whichincludes the subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements is channel44 or channel 149.

In some embodiments, the channel within the 5 GHz band which includesthe subchannel for transmitting WUR advertisements depends upon whichportions of the 5 GHz band local regulations allow STAs to operate in.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation only in thelower band (e.g., 5.150-5.250 GHz, referred to as UNII-1 by the FCC). Inthis scenario, the subchannel may be in channel 44 (e.g., 5.220 GHz),although other channel designations for locating the subchannel arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation only in theupper band (e.g., 5.725-5.825 GHz, referred to as UNII-3 by the FCC). Inthis scenario, the subchannel may be in channel 149 (e.g., 5.745 GHz),although other channel designations for locating the subchannel arewithin the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, local regulations permit operation in both theupper and lower portions of the 5 GHz band. In this scenario, thesubchannel may be in channel 149 (e.g., 5.745 GHz), although otherchannel designations for locating the subchannel are within thecontemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the band for transmitting WUR advertisements is the5.9 GHz band. In some embodiments, the subchannel within the 5.9 GHzband for transmitting WUR advertisements is in channel 172, channel 178,or channel, 184, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, to prevent or otherwise mitigate adjacent channelinterference, the subchannel for WUR advertisements is defined as thecentermost or central subchannel location within the respective channel.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 20 MHz tone plan of802.11ax and is in the central location of a 20 MHz channel in the 2.4GHz or 5 GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes 4*x, where x ranges from −6to 6). In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11aximplementations is 78.125 kHz.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 20 MHz tone plan of802.11a/n/ac and is in the central location of a 20 MHz channel in the2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes from −6 to 6). In someembodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11a/n/ac implementations is312.5 kHz.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 10 MHz tone plan of OFDMor 802.11p and is in the central location of a 10 MHz channel in the 5.9GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes 2*x, where x ranges from −6 to 6). Insome embodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11p implementations is156.25 kHz.

At block 604, the device may generate a WUR discovery frame comprising aWUR advertisement. Due to the need for background scanning, the device(e.g., an AP) may transmit a WUR signal that is not a wake-up frame(e.g., the WUR advertisement) to facilitate the background scanning ofany unassociated STAs. The WUR advertisement may include, for example,WUR capabilities of the AP and/or any associated STAs, wake-up timinginformation (e.g., WUR “on” or “off” times), or any other advertisementinformation.

At block 606, the device may transmit the WUR discovery frame to asecond device, where the second device comprises a WURx, using the WURdiscovery subchannel. In some embodiments, the device uses its WURx forthe transmission of the WUR discovery frame. In some embodiments, thesecond device is an unassociated STA. In some embodiments, theunassociated STA is seeking association with an AP having WURcapabilities.

In one embodiment, the WUR discovery frame is transmitted by a primaryconnectivity radio of the device. For example, the WUR frame may betransmitted by the 802.11 transceiver 238 of the AP 202 depicted in FIG.2. In one embodiment, the WUR discovery frame is transmitted by a lowpower wake-up transmitter of a transmitting device. For example, the WURdiscovery frame may be transmitted by the low power wake-up transmitter230 of the AP 202 depicted in FIG. 2. Advantageously, transmitting theWUR discovery frame using a low power wake-up transmitter allows for aprimary connectivity radio of the transmitting device to remain in a lowpower mode until the receiving device (e.g., the user device 220 of FIG.2) has acknowledged the WUR frame.

In one or more embodiments, an acknowledgment may be received from thesecond device that indicates that a LP-WUR (e.g., the LP-WUR 234 of theuser device 220 of FIG. 2) has received the WUR discovery frame. In someembodiments, the acknowledgment may indicate that a primary connectivityradio of the device (e.g., the 802.11 transceiver 236 of the user device220 of FIG. 2) has transitioned from the low power state to the highpower state. In some embodiments, the acknowledgement may include or befollowed by a request to associate with the device. However, in someembodiments, no acknowledgement is received because the WURx isincapable of providing a response.

In some embodiments, the device may include a transceiver configured totransmit and receive wireless signals. In some embodiments, the devicemay include one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 700 forreceiving a WUR advertisement over a WUR discovery subchannel, inaccordance with one or more example embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

At block 702, a device (e.g., the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102of FIG. 1) may determine a WUR discovery subchannel for WURadvertisement according to one or more embodiments. The device mayinclude a WURx, a primary connectivity radio, and storage and processingcircuitry as discussed previously herein. The WUR discovery subchannelmay be associated with one or more channels of a frequency band.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is channel 6 of the2.4 GHz band, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is channel 44 or 149of the 5 GHz band, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is channel 172, 178,or 184 of the 5.9 GHz band, although other channel designations forlocating the subchannel are within the contemplated scope of thedisclosure.

In some embodiments, to prevent or otherwise mitigate adjacent channelinterference, the WUR discovery subchannel is defined as the centermostor central subchannel location within a channel of the respectivefrequency band.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 20 MHz tone plan of802.11ax and is in the central location of a 20 MHz channel in the 2.4GHz or 5 GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes 4*x, where x ranges from −6to 6). In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11aximplementations is 78.125 kHz.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 20 MHz tone plan of802.11a/n/ac and is in the central location of a 20 MHz channel in the2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes from −6 to 6). In someembodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11a/n/ac implementations is312.5 kHz.

In some embodiments, the subchannel follows the 10 MHz tone plan of OFDMor 802.11p and is in the central location of a 10 MHz channel in the 5.9GHz band (i.e., subcarrier indexes 2*x, where x ranges from −6 to 6). Insome embodiments, the subcarrier spacing for 802.11p implementations is156.25 kHz.

At block 704, the device may scan the WUR discovery subchannel for a WURadvertisement according to one or more embodiments. In one embodiment,the device utilizes a low power wake-up transmitter (e.g., a WURx) toscan the WUR discovery subchannel. For example, the user device 220 mayuse the low power wake-up receiver 234 to scan the WUR discoverysubchannel as depicted in FIG. 2. Advantageously, scanning the WURdiscovery subchannel using a low power wake-up transmitter allows for aprimary connectivity radio of the device to remain in a low power mode.

At block 706, the device may receive a WUR discovery frame including aWUR advertisement. In some embodiments, the WUR discovery frame istransmitted across the WUR discovery subchannel. In one embodiment, thedevice utilizes a low power wake-up transmitter (e.g., a WURx) toreceive the WUR discovery frame. For example, the user device 220 mayuse the low power wake-up receiver 234 to receive the WUR discoveryframe as depicted in FIG. 2. In this manner, the primary connectivityradio of the device may remain in a low power mode during WUR discovery.

It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes ofillustration and are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 8 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station800 in accordance with some embodiments. In one embodiment, FIG. 8illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station thatmay be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or a user device 120(FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments. The communication station800 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device,a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wirelessterminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, ahigh data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an accessterminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.

The communication station 800 may include communications circuitry 802and a transceiver 810 for transmitting and receiving signals to and fromother communication stations using one or more antennas 801. Thetransceiver 810 may be a device comprising both a transmitter and areceiver that are combined and share common circuitry (e.g.,communication circuitry 802). The communication circuitry 802 mayinclude amplifiers, filters, mixers, analog to digital and/or digital toanalog converters. The transceiver 810 may transmit and receive analogor digital signals. The transceiver 810 may allow reception of signalsduring transmission periods. This mode is known as full-duplex and mayrequire the transmitter and receiver to operate on different frequenciesto minimize interference between the transmitted signal and the receivedsignal. The transceiver 810 may operate in a half-duplex mode, where thetransceiver 810 may transmit or receive signals in one direction at atime.

The communications circuitry 802 may include circuitry that can operatethe physical layer (PHY) communications and/or media access control(MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium,and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receivingsignals. The communication station 800 may also include processingcircuitry 806 and memory 808 arranged to perform the operationsdescribed herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 802and the processing circuitry 806 may be configured to perform operationsdetailed in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

In accordance with some embodiments, the communications circuitry 802may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames orpackets for communicating over the wireless medium. The communicationscircuitry 802 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. Thecommunications circuitry 802 may also include circuitry formodulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering,amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 806 ofthe communication station 800 may include one or more processors. Inother embodiments, two or more antennas 801 may be coupled to thecommunications circuitry 802 arranged for sending and receiving signals.The memory 808 may store information for configuring the processingcircuitry 806 to perform operations for configuring and transmittingmessage frames and performing the various operations described herein.The memory 808 may include any type of memory, including non-transitorymemory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer). For example, the memory 808 may include a computer-readablestorage device, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM),magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devicesand other storage devices and media.

In some embodiments, the communication station 800 may be part of aportable wireless communication device, such as a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wirelesscommunication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, asmartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, adigital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., aheart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computerdevice, or another device that may receive and/or transmit informationwirelessly.

In some embodiments, the communication station 800 may include one ormore antennas 801. The antennas 801 may include one or more directionalor omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas,monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas,or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. Insome embodiments, instead of two or more antennas, a single antenna withmultiple apertures may be used. In these embodiments, each aperture maybe considered a separate antenna. In some multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated forspatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that mayresult between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmittingstation.

In some embodiments, the communication station 800 may include one ormore of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multipleantennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, andother mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen includinga touch screen.

Although the communication station 800 is illustrated as having severalseparate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements maybe combined and may be implemented by combinations ofsoftware-configured elements, such as processing elements includingdigital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. Forexample, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs,field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) andcombinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing atleast the functions described herein. In some embodiments, thefunctional elements of the communication station 800 may refer to one ormore processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination ofhardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also beimplemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storagedevice, which may be read and executed by at least one processor toperform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storagedevice may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storinginformation in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). Forexample, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory(ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, opticalstorage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices andmedia. In some embodiments, the communication station 800 may includeone or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored ona computer-readable storage device memory.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 900 orsystem upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g.,methodologies) discussed herein may be performed. In other embodiments,the machine 900 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected(e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, themachine 900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a clientmachine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example,the machine 900 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (orother distributed) network environments. The machine 900 may be apersonal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device,a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machinecapable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specifyactions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloudcomputing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer clusterconfigurations.

Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or anumber of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangibleentities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operationswhen operating. A module includes hardware. In an example, the hardwaremay be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g.,hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurableexecution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computerreadable medium containing instructions where the instructions configurethe execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation.The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units ora loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units arecommunicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the deviceis operating. In this example, the execution units may be a member ofmore than one module. For example, under operation, the execution unitsmay be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a firstmodule at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set ofinstructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 900 may include a hardware processor902 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a mainmemory 904 and a static memory 906, some or all of which may communicatewith each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 908. The machine 900 mayfurther include a power management device 932, a graphics display device910, an alphanumeric input device 912 (e.g., a keyboard), and a userinterface (UI) navigation device 914 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, thegraphics display device 910, alphanumeric input device 912, and UInavigation device 914 may be a touch screen display. The machine 900 mayadditionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 916, a signalgeneration device 918 (e.g., a speaker), a WUR advertisement channeldevice 919, a network interface device/transceiver 920 coupled toantenna(s) 930, and one or more sensors 928, such as a globalpositioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or othersensor. The machine 900 may include an output controller 934, such as aserial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired orwireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.)connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices(e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).

The storage device 916 may include a machine readable medium 922 onwhich is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 924(e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of thetechniques or functions described herein. The instructions 924 may alsoreside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 904,within the static memory 906, or within the hardware processor 902during execution thereof by the machine 900. In an example, one or anycombination of the hardware processor 902, the main memory 904, thestatic memory 906, or the storage device 916 may constitutemachine-readable media.

The WUR advertisement channel device 919 may carry out or perform any ofthe operations and processes (e.g., processes 600 and 700) described andshown above.

The WUR advertisement channel device 919 may be configured to determinea WUR discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement according to one ormore embodiments. The WUR discovery subchannel may be associated withone or more channels of a frequency band.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is channel 6 of the2.4 GHz band, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is channel 44 or 149of the 5 GHz band, although other channel designations for locating thesubchannel are within the contemplated scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is channel 172, 178,or 184 of the 5.9 GHz band, although other channel designations forlocating the subchannel are within the contemplated scope of thedisclosure.

In some embodiments, the WUR discovery subchannel is a channel in the 6GHz band, the 60 GHz band, or the sub 1 GHz band. In some embodiments,the WUR discovery subchannel is a centermost or central channel in the 6GHz band, the 60 GHz band, or the sub 1 GHz band.

The WUR advertisement channel device 919 may be configured to scan theWUR discovery subchannel for a WUR advertisement according to one ormore embodiments. In one embodiment, the WUR advertisement channeldevice 919 may be configured to utilize a low power wake-up transmitter(e.g., a WURx) to scan the WUR discovery subchannel.

The WUR advertisement channel device 919 may be configured to transmitor receive a WUR discovery frame including a WUR advertisement. In someembodiments, the WUR discovery frame is transmitted across the WURdiscovery subchannel. In one embodiment, the WUR advertisement channeldevice 919 may be configured to utilize a low power wake-up transmitter(e.g., a WURx) to transmit or receive the WUR discovery frame.

The WUR advertisement channel device 919 may be configured to generate aWUR discovery frame comprising a WUR advertisement. Due to the need forbackground scanning, the WUR advertisement channel device 919 may beconfigured to generate a WUR signal that is not a wake-up frame (e.g.,the WUR advertisement) to facilitate the background scanning of anyunassociated STAs. The WUR advertisement may include, for example, WURcapabilities of the AP and/or any associated STAs, wake-up timinginformation (e.g., WUR “on” or “off” times), or any other advertisementinformation.

The WUR advertisement channel device 919 may be configured to identify aresponse from another device indicating an acknowledgment of the WURdiscovery frame. In one embodiment, the acknowledgment indicates that aLP-WUR (e.g., the LP-WUR 234 of the user device 220 of FIG. 2) hasreceived the WUR discovery frame. In some embodiments, theacknowledgment may indicate that a primary connectivity radio of thedevice (e.g., the 802.11 transceiver 236 of the user device 220 of FIG.2) has transitioned from the low power state to the high power state. Insome embodiments, the acknowledgement may include or be followed by arequest to associate with the WUR advertisement channel device 919.

It is understood that the above are only a subset of what the WURadvertisement channel device 919 may be configured to perform and thatother functions included throughout this disclosure may also beperformed by the WUR advertisement channel device 919.

While the machine-readable medium 922 is illustrated as a single medium,the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium ormultiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/orassociated caches and servers) configured to store the one or moreinstructions 924.

Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in softwareand/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form ofinstructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by oneor more processors to enable performance of the operations describedherein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but notlimited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executablecode, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readablemedium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storinginformation in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but notlimited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magneticdisk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.

The term “machine-readable medium” may include any medium that iscapable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution bythe machine 900 and that cause the machine 900 to perform any one ormore of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associatedwith such instructions. Non-limiting machine-readable medium examplesmay include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media. In anexample, a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine-readablemedium with a plurality of particles having resting mass. Specificexamples of massed machine-readable media may include non-volatilememory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electricallyprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices;magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks;magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

The instructions 924 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 926 using a transmission medium via the networkinterface device/transceiver 920 utilizing any one of a number oftransfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP),transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP),hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communicationsnetworks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network(WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephonenetworks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks,wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards,and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In an example, thenetwork interface device/transceiver 920 may include one or morephysical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or moreantennas to connect to the communications network 926. In an example,the network interface device/transceiver 920 may include a plurality ofantennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-inputmultiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), ormultiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term “transmissionmedium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capableof storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by themachine 900 and includes digital or analog communications signals orother intangible media to facilitate communication of such software. Theoperations and processes described and shown above may be carried out orperformed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations.Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of theoperations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certainimplementations, less than or more than the operations described may beperformed.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments. The terms “computing device,” “userdevice,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobiledevice,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used hereinrefers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone,a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptopcomputer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, anaccess point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, orother personal communication system (PCS) device. The device may beeither mobile or stationary.

As used within this document, the term “communicate” is intended toinclude transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving.This may be particularly useful in claims when describing theorganization of data that is being transmitted by one device andreceived by another, but only the functionality of one of those devicesis required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchangeof data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive duringthe exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only thefunctionality of one of those devices is being claimed. The term“communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communicationsignal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/orreceiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wirelesscommunication unit, which is capable of communicating a wirelesscommunication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit thewireless communication signal to at least one other wirelesscommunication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receivethe wireless communication signal from at least one other wirelesscommunication unit.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinaladjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a commonobject, merely indicates that different instances of like objects arebeing referred to and are not intended to imply that the objects sodescribed must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, inranking, or in any other manner.

The term “access point” (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. Anaccess point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station,an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known inthe art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, userequipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similarterminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein generallypertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wirelessnetworks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11standards.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, apersonal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehiculardevice, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumerdevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communicationstation, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP),a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device,an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wirelessnetwork, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN),a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal areanetwork (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, apersonal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableglobal positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, amultiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digitalvideo broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, awireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems following one or morewireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF),infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM(OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access(TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS),extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA(WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra-wideband(UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G,3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long termevolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various otherdevices, systems, and/or networks.

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 may include a device comprising processing circuitry coupledto storage, the processing circuitry configured to: determine a wake-upradio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, wherein the WURdiscovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of a frequencyband; generate a WUR discovery frame comprising a WUR advertisement;transmit, by the WUR, the WUR discovery frame to a wake up receiver(WURx) of a second device using the WUR discovery subchannel.

Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the frequency band comprises at least one of a 2.4 GHzband, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band, or asub 1 GHz band.

Example 3 may include the device of example 2 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5 GHz band and the WURdiscovery subchannel may be within channel 44 or channel 149 of the 5GHz band.

Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5 kHzsubcarrier spacing.

Example 5 may include the device of example 4 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the 13 subcarriers are associated with subcarrierindices from −6 to 6 and the WUR discovery subchannel comprises a centersubcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 6 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 78.125 kHzsubcarrier spacing.

Example 7 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 2.4 GHz band and theWUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 6 of the 2.4 GHz band.

Example 8 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5.9 GHz band and theWUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 172, channel 178, orchannel 184 of the 5.9 GHz band.

Example 9 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other exampleherein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit andreceive wireless signals.

Example 10 may include the device of example 9 and/or some other exampleherein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to thetransceiver.

Example 11 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions which when executed by one or moreprocessors result in performing operations comprising: determining awake-up radio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, whereinthe WUR discovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of afrequency band; generating a WUR discovery frame comprising a WURadvertisement; transmitting, by the WUR, the WUR discovery frame to awake up receiver (WURx) of a second device using the WUR discoverysubchannel.

Example 12 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency bandcomprises at least one of a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band,a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band, or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 13 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 12 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency bandcomprises the 5 GHz band and the WUR discovery subchannel may be withinchannel 44 or channel 149 of the 5 GHz band.

Example 14 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the channelcomprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5 kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the 13 subcarriersare associated with subcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WURdiscovery subchannel comprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the channelcomprises 13 subcarriers and a 78.125 kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency bandcomprises the 2.4 GHz band and the WUR discovery subchannel may bewithin channel 6 of the 2.4 GHz band.

Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 11 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency bandcomprises the 5.9 GHz band and the WUR discovery subchannel may bewithin channel 172, channel 178, or channel 184 of the 5.9 GHz band.

Example 19 may include a method comprising: determine a wake-up radio(WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, wherein the WURdiscovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of a frequencyband; generate a WUR discovery frame comprising a WUR advertisement;transmit, by the WUR, the WUR discovery frame to a wake up receiver(WURx) of a second device using the WUR discovery subchannel.

Example 20 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises at least one of a2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band,or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 21 may include the method of example 20 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5 GHz band andthe WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 44 or channel 149 ofthe 5 GHz band.

Example 22 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 23 may include the method of example 22 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the 13 subcarriers are associated withsubcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WUR discovery subchannelcomprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 24 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a78.125 kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 25 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 2.4 GHz bandand the WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 6 of the 2.4 GHzband.

Example 26 may include the method of example 19 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5.9 GHz bandand the WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 172, channel 178,or channel 184 of the 5.9 GHz band.

Example 27 may include an apparatus comprising means for: determining awake-up radio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, whereinthe WUR discovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of afrequency band; generating a WUR discovery frame comprising a WURadvertisement; transmitting, by the WUR, the WUR discovery frame to awake up receiver (WURx) of a second device using the WUR discoverysubchannel.

Example 28 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises at least one of a2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band,or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 29 may include the apparatus of example 28 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5 GHz band andthe WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 44 or channel 149 ofthe 5 GHz band.

Example 30 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 31 may include the apparatus of example 30 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the 13 subcarriers are associated withsubcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WUR discovery subchannelcomprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 32 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a78.125 kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 33 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 2.4 GHz bandand the WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 6 of the 2.4 GHzband.

Example 34 may include the apparatus of example 27 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5.9 GHz bandand the WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 172, channel 178,or channel 184 of the 5.9 GHz band.

Example 35 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions which when executed by one or moreprocessors result in performing operations comprising: determine awake-up radio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, whereinthe WUR discovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of afrequency band; scan the WUR discovery subchannel for a WURadvertisement; and receive a WUR discovery frame comprising the WURadvertisement from a device using the WUR discovery subchannel.

Example 36 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 35 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency bandcomprises at least one of a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band,a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band, or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 37 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 36 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency bandcomprises the 5 GHz band and the WUR discovery subchannel may be withinchannel 44 or channel 149 of the 5 GHz band.

Example 38 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 35 and/or some other example herein, wherein the channelcomprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5 kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 39 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 38 and/or some other example herein, wherein the 13 subcarriersare associated with subcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WURdiscovery subchannel comprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 40 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium ofexample 35 and/or some other example herein, further comprising:negotiate, by a primary connectivity radio, a predetermined period oftime with the device for a wake-up receiver (WURx) for wake-upoperation; and wherein the WUR discovery subchannel may be scannedoutside of the predetermined period of time.

Example 41 may include a device comprising processing circuitry coupledto storage, the processing circuitry configured to: determine a wake-upradio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, wherein the WURdiscovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of a frequencyband; scan the WUR discovery subchannel for a WUR advertisement, andreceive a WUR discovery frame comprising the WUR advertisement from adevice using the WUR discovery subchannel.

Example 42 may include the device of example 41 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises at least one of a2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band,or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 43 may include the device of example 42 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5 GHz band andthe WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 44 or channel 149 ofthe 5 GHz band.

Example 44 may include the device of example 41 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 45 may include the device of example 44 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the 13 subcarriers are associated withsubcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WUR discovery subchannelcomprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 46 may include the device of example 41 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: negotiate, by a primary connectivityradio, a predetermined period of time with the device for a wake-upreceiver (WURx) for wake-up operation; and wherein the WUR discoverysubchannel may be scanned outside of the predetermined period of time.

Example 47 may include a method comprising: determine a wake-up radio(WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, wherein the WURdiscovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of a frequencyband; scan the WUR discovery subchannel for a WUR advertisement; andreceive a WUR discovery frame comprising the WUR advertisement from adevice using the WUR discovery subchannel.

Example 48 may include the method of example 47 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises at least one of a2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band,or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 49 may include the method of example 48 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5 GHz band andthe WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 44 or channel 149 ofthe 5 GHz band.

Example 50 may include the method of example 47 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 51 may include the method of example 50 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the 13 subcarriers are associated withsubcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WUR discovery subchannelcomprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 52 may include the method of example 47 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: negotiate, by a primary connectivityradio, a predetermined period of time with the device for a wake-upreceiver (WURx) for wake-up operation; and wherein the WUR discoverysubchannel may be scanned outside of the predetermined period of time.

Example 53 may include an apparatus comprising means for: determine awake-up radio (WUR) discovery subchannel for WUR advertisement, whereinthe WUR discovery subchannel may be associated with a channel of afrequency band; scan the WUR discovery subchannel for a WURadvertisement; and receive a WUR discovery frame comprising the WURadvertisement from a device using the WUR discovery subchannel.

Example 54 may include the apparatus of example 53 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises at least one of a2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 5.9 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, a 60 GHz band,or a sub 1 GHz band.

Example 55 may include the apparatus of example 54 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the frequency band comprises the 5 GHz band andthe WUR discovery subchannel may be within channel 44 or channel 149 ofthe 5 GHz band.

Example 56 may include the apparatus of example 53 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the channel comprises 13 subcarriers and a 312.5kHz subcarrier spacing.

Example 57 may include the apparatus of example 56 and/or some otherexample herein, wherein the 13 subcarriers are associated withsubcarrier indices from −6 to 6 and the WUR discovery subchannelcomprises a center subcarrier having an index of 0.

Example 58 may include the apparatus of example 53 and/or some otherexample herein, further comprising: negotiate, by a primary connectivityradio, a predetermined period of time with the device for a wake-upreceiver (WURx) for wake-up operation; and wherein the WUR discoverysubchannel may be scanned outside of the predetermined period of time.

Example 59 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readablemedia comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, uponexecution of the instructions by one or more processors of theelectronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method describedin or related to any of examples 1-58, or any other method or processdescribed herein.

Example 60 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/orcircuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in orrelated to any of examples 1-58, or any other method or processdescribed herein.

Example 61 may include a method, technique, or process as described inor related to any of examples 1-58, or portions or parts thereof.

Example 62 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processorsand one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that,when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or moreprocessors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described inor related to any of examples 1-58, or portions thereof.

Example 63 may include a method of communicating in a wireless networkas shown and described herein.

Example 64 may include a system for providing wireless communication asshown and described herein.

Example 65 may include a device for providing wireless communication asshown and described herein.

Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed inthe attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device,and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in oneclaim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category,e.g., system, as well. The dependencies or references back in theattached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subjectmatter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims(in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so thatany combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and canbe claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims.The subject-matter which can be claimed comprises not only thecombinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also anyother combination of features in the claims, wherein each featurementioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature orcombination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of theembodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed ina separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment orfeature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of theattached claims.

The foregoing description of one or more implementations providesillustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed.Modifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference toblock and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/orcomputer program products according to various implementations. It willbe understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flowdiagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flowdiagrams, respectively, may be implemented by computer-executableprogram instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams andflow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the orderpresented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, accordingto some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto aspecial-purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particularmachine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer,processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create meansfor implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagramblock or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be storedin a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct acomputer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function ina particular manner, such that the instructions stored in thecomputer-readable storage media produce an article of manufactureincluding instruction means that implement one or more functionsspecified in the flow diagram block or blocks. As an example, certainimplementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising acomputer-readable storage medium having a computer-readable program codeor program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readableprogram code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functionsspecified in the flow diagram block or blocks. The computer programinstructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmabledata processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements orsteps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus toproduce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions thatexecute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elementsor steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagramblock or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams supportcombinations of means for performing the specified functions,combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functionsand program instruction means for performing the specified functions. Itwill also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowdiagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowdiagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computersystems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, orcombinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or“may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainimplementations could include, while other implementations do notinclude, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, suchconditional language is not generally intended to imply that features,elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or moreimplementations or that one or more implementations necessarily includelogic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whetherthese features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to beperformed in any particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forthherein will be apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented inthe foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it isto be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to thespecific implementations disclosed and that modifications and otherimplementations are intended to be included within the scope of theappended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. An apparatus of a device for wake-up radio (WUR)discovery scanning, the apparatus comprising processing circuitrycoupled to storage, the processing circuitry configured to: determine afirst time period for a WUR discovery of an access point device by thedevice; identify a frame received from the access point device by thedevice at a second time, the frame comprising an indication of a WURchannel associated with the WUR discovery of the access point device bythe device; scan, during the first time period, the WUR channel;identify a WUR discovery frame received from the access point deviceusing the WUR channel during the first time period; and transmit, to theaccess point device, a request to associate with the access point devicebased on the WUR discovery frame.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, whereinthe first time period is negotiated by the device and the access pointdevice.
 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processing circuitryis further configured to: identify a second frame received from a secondaccess point device by the device, the second frame comprising a secondindication of a second WUR channel associated with of the second accesspoint device during the first time period; scan, during the first timeperiod, the second WUR channel; and identify a second WUR discoveryframe received by the device from the second access point device usingthe second WUR channel during the first time period.
 24. The apparatusof claim 21, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:identify a second frame received from the access point device by thedevice, the second frame comprising a second indication of a second WURchannel associated with a second WUR discovery of the access pointdevice during the first time period; scan, during the first time period,the second WUR channel; and identify a second WUR discovery framereceived by the device from the access point device using the second WURchannel during the first time period.
 25. The apparatus of claim 21,wherein the WUR channel is channel 44 of a 5 GHz frequency band.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 21, wherein the WUR channel is channel 149 of a 5 GHzfrequency band.
 27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the WUR channelis in a 2.4 GHz frequency band.
 28. The apparatus of claim 21, furthercomprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wirelesssignals, the wireless signals comprising the frame.
 29. The apparatus ofclaim 28, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to thetransceiver.
 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable instructions which when executed by one or moreprocessors result in performing operations comprising: determining, by adevice, a first time period for a WUR discovery of an access pointdevice by the device; identifying a frame received from the access pointdevice by the device at a second time, the frame comprising anindication of a WUR channel associated with the WUR discovery of theaccess point device by the device; scanning, during the first timeperiod, the WUR channel; identifying a WUR discovery frame received fromthe access point device using the WUR channel during the first timeperiod; and transmitting, to the access point device, a request toassociate with the access point device based on the WUR discovery frame.31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein thefirst time period is negotiated by the device and the access pointdevice.
 32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 30, theoperations further comprising: identifying a second frame received froma second access point device by the device, the second frame comprisinga second indication of a second WUR channel associated with a WURdiscovery of the second access point device during the first timeperiod; scanning, during the first time period, the second WUR channel;and identifying a second WUR discovery frame received by the device fromthe second access point device using the second WUR channel during thefirst time period.
 33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 30, the operations further comprising: identifying a second framereceived from the access point device by the device, the second framecomprising a second indication of a second WUR channel associated with asecond WUR discovery of the access point device during the first timeperiod; scanning, during the first time period, the second WUR channel;and identifying a second WUR discovery frame received by the device fromthe access point device using the second WUR channel during the firsttime period.
 34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim30, wherein the WUR channel is channel 44 of a 5 GHz frequency band. 35.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein the WURchannel is channel 149 of a 5 GHz frequency band.
 36. A method fordiscovery scanning using a wake-up radio (WUR), the method comprising:determining, by processing circuitry of an apparatus of a device, afirst time period for a WUR discovery of an access point device by thedevice; identifying, by the processing circuitry, a frame received fromthe access point device by the device at a second time, the framecomprising an indication of a WUR channel associated with the WURdiscovery of the access point device by the device; scanning, by theprocessing circuitry, during the first time period, the WUR channel;identifying, by the processing circuitry, a WUR discovery frame receivedfrom the access point device using the WUR channel during the first timeperiod; and transmitting, by the processing circuitry, to the accesspoint device, a request to associate with the access point device basedon the WUR discovery frame.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein thefirst time period is negotiated by the device and the access pointdevice.
 38. The method of claim 36, the method further comprising:identifying a second frame received from a second access point device bythe device, the second frame comprising a second indication of a secondWUR channel associated with a WUR discovery of the second access pointdevice during the first time period; scanning, during the first timeperiod, the second WUR channel; and identifying a second WUR discoveryframe received by the device from the second access point device usingthe second WUR channel during the first time period.
 39. The method ofclaim 36, the method further comprising: identifying a second framereceived from the access point device by the device, the second framecomprising a second indication of a second WUR channel associated with asecond WUR discovery of the access point device during the first timeperiod; scanning, during the first time period, the second WUR channel;and identifying a second WUR discovery frame received by the device fromthe access point device using the second WUR channel during the firsttime period.
 40. The method of claim 36, wherein the WUR channel ischannel 44 of a 5 GHz frequency band.